The bankruptcy estate consists of all the non-exempt assets owned by the debtor at the time the bankruptcy case is filed.  When a case is filed, the debtor loses control over the assets in the estate.  In a chapter 7 case, the non-exempt assets are liquidated in return for money that is paid on the claims of creditors.  In a chapter 13 case, the estate can be returned to the possession and control of the debtor upon confirmation of a plan to pay claims, or, in some jurisdictions, upon the completion of the case.  For further information see a discussion of sections 1305 and 1327.